This Conference will discuss approaches to counter the threat of illicit drugs and the diversion of chemical precursors that could be further adapted and/or reformed in order to face emerging challenges with the ultimate aim to meet the recommendations of the outcome document “Our Joint Commitment to Effectively Addressing and Countering the World Drug Problem” of the special session of the UN General Assembly on the world drug problem (UNGASS 2016), held from 19 to 21 April 2016 at the UN Headquarters in New York, as well as of the UNODC 2009 Political Declaration and Plan of Action.