On 19-20 April in Astana and 21-22 April in Almaty, the Office together with the Legal Media, Centre organised a training seminar on protecting freedom of expression and countering hate speech on the Internet. Some 70 journalists, lawyers, academics, representatives of the Justice, Interior, Investment and Development Ministries, the Prosecutor General’s Office, the Anti-terrorism Centre under the National Security Committee and Supreme Court learned tools to counter hate speech in the media and on the Internet, mechanisms to reduce the potential harm from a malicious Internet environment and destructive human behaviour, including trolling, cyber-bullying and hate speech. Experts from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and the Russian Federation presented an analysis of a number of selected Internet resources to identify trends in speech used by journalists and Internet users and discussed how to assess text for potential conflict situations.